class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Reproducible workflows with <img src="images/R_logo_45.png" /> ### Kirill Müller ### Zurich R user meetup, 2017-04-10 --- background-image: url(images/the_difference.png) background-position: 20% 100% class: right # Reproducible ### vs. # Replicable ??? Thank you. First of all, I'd like to do a small survey, to make sure we're on the same page. Who has already been - programmed? - programmed in R? - written a function in R? - installed software? - compiled software? - used Make? - used remake? Great! This presentation focuses on the last two points, I hope this presentation will be useful to you. I'd like to start with definitions. What is a "reproducible workflow"? In the context of research, we must differentiate between "reproducible" and "replicable". - **Reproducible**: Can obtain same results from same data - Replicable: Repeating a study gives similar conclusions Image credit: [xkcd](https://xkcd.com/242/) --- background-image: url(images/the_difference.png) background-size: 120% background-position: 280% 100% class: inverse, center, right # Why? ??? Why is running on other people's computers important? - coworkers, collaborators, peer review - validation, verification, replication - different computers for development and analysis - your future self --- background-image: url(dots/intro.png) background-size: contain background-position: 0% 90% # Other people's computers - hardware - software: OS version, R version and packages - virtualization - [`packrat`](https://rstudio.github.io/packrat/) - data: directory paths - open data - [`here`](https://github.com/krlmlr/here) - **workflow**: what to do how and when ??? Components of reproducibility - hardware - software: OS version, R version and packages - data: directory paths - **workflow**: what to run how and when Describe the process with a simple example: preparing a report that contains modeling results obtained from raw data. Cooking a ragout from a piece of raw meat. Vegetarians, please think of a substitute for the meat. --- background-image: url(images/manuals.png) background-position: 50% 50% background-size: contain class: center, inverse # Manuals ??? This is what XKCD has to say about manuals, I think this applies to workflow descriptions as well. - the simpler the description, the more likely successful - open data: download/harvest from web - restricted data: operate directly on raw data - cleanup scripts, avoid "manual cleaning" - model estimation, analysis, ..., final report - ideally, a single script that runs everything - of course, you're doing this already - unstructured description? --- background-image: url(dots/linear.png) background-position: 50% 50% background-size: contain class: center, bottom # A recipe ??? - complete instructions to prepare the meal - works for humans - works for computers - **does not** work well for - modification - extension - learning --- background-image: url(dots/detailed-rank.png) background-size: contain class: center, bottom # Splitting the recipe ??? - describe as a set of transformations - each step has inputs, outputs, and uses a **transformation rule** - the inputs and outputs are called **targets** - vegetables? --- background-image: url(dots/vegetables.png) background-size: contain class: center, bottom # Adding vegetables ??? - Easy to extend or modify - Rules can be reused --- background-image: url(dots/from-raw.png) background-size: contain class: center, bottom # Putting it all together ??? - Outputs can be combined easily - Arbitrary complexity --- background-image: url(dots/full.png) background-position: 50% 50% background-size: contain class: center, bottom # Dependency graph ??? - where to get food (for a truly reproducible cooking experience) - arbitrary complexity if the dependency structure doesn't contain cycles --- class: inverse, center, middle # DAG ??? - define process as a directed acyclic graph - rule-based tools - [GNU make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html) - [remake](https://github.com/richfitz/remake#readme) - [drake](https://github.com/wlandau-lilly/drake#readme) --- background-image: url(dots/detailed.png) background-size: contain background-position: 0% 80% # `Makefile` ```Makefile all: ragout ragout: fried_meat ⇥ combine --with=vegetables fried_meat > ragout fried_meat: chopped_meat ⇥ fry --with=oil chopped_meat > fried_meat chopped_meat: raw_meat ⇥ chop raw_meat > chopped_meat ``` ??? - describe rules - **order** doesn't matter - redundancy --- background-image: url(dots/detailed.png) background-size: contain background-position: 0% 80% # `Makefile` with placeholders ```Makefile all: ragout ragout: fried_meat ⇥ combine --with=vegetables $< > $@ fried_meat: chopped_meat ⇥ fry --with=oil $< > $@ chopped_meat: raw_meat ⇥ chop $< > $@ ``` --- background-image: url(dots/detailed.png) background-size: contain background-position: 0% 80% # `Makefile` with ? ```Makefile all: ragout ragout.rds: fried_meat.rds ⇥ R -q -e 'library(cooking); fried_meat <- readRDS("$<"); ragout <- combine(fried_meat, with = vegetables); saveRDS(ragout, "$@")' fried_meat.rds: ... ``` --- background-image: url(dots/detailed.png) background-size: contain background-position: 0% 90% # `remake.yml` ```yaml packages: - cooking targets: all: depends: ragout ragout: command: combine(fried_meat, with = I("vegetables")) fried_meat: command: fry(chopped_meat, with = I("oil")) chopped_meat: command: chop("raw_meat.csv") ``` --- class: inverse, center, middle # `remake::make()` --- # Cooking, finally! ```r remake::make() ## [ LOAD ] ## [ READ ] | # loading sources ## < MAKE > all ## [ BUILD ] chopped_meat | chopped_meat <- chop("raw_meat.csv") ## [ READ ] | # loading packages ## [ BUILD ] fried_meat | fried_meat <- fry(chopped_meat, with... ## [ BUILD ] ragout | ragout <- combine(fried_meat, with =... ## [ ----- ] all remake::make() ## < MAKE > all ## [ OK ] chopped_meat ## [ OK ] fried_meat ## [ OK ] ragout ## [ ----- ] all remake::fetch("ragout") ## ragout, made of ## fried meat, made of ## chopped meat, made of ## raw meat ## oil ## vegetables ``` --- class: center # `remake::diagram()` <div id="htmlwidget-42a1c39845dfcefe1d5f" style="width:504px;height:504px;" class="grViz html-widget"></div> <script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-42a1c39845dfcefe1d5f">{"x":{"diagram":"digraph remake { node [ fontname = courier, fontsize = 10 ] \nnode [ shape = circle, color = \"#34495e\", fillcolor = \"#D6DBDF\", style = filled ] \"all\"\nnode [ shape = ellipse, color = \"#3498db\", fillcolor = \"#3498db\", style = filled ] \"ragout\"; \"fried_meat\"; \"chopped_meat\"\nnode [ shape = box, color = \"#1abc9c\", fillcolor = \"#1abc9c\", style = filled ] \"raw_meat.csv\"\n\"ragout\" -> \"all\" [tooltip = \"(dependency only)\"];\n\"fried_meat\" -> \"ragout\" [tooltip = \"combine\"];\n\"chopped_meat\" -> \"fried_meat\" [tooltip = \"fry\"];\n\"raw_meat.csv\" -> \"chopped_meat\" [tooltip = \"chop\"]; }","config":{"engine":"dot","options":null}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script> --- # `remake.yml`, spice it up! ```yaml packages: - cooking targets: all: depends: ragout ragout: command: combine(fried_meat, with = I("vegetables")) fried_meat: * command: fry(chopped_meat, with = I(c("oil", "pepper"))) chopped_meat: command: chop("raw_meat.csv") ``` --- # Peppered meat ```r remake::make(remake_file = "remake-spices.yml") ## [ LOAD ] ## [ READ ] | # loading sources ## < MAKE > all ## [ OK ] chopped_meat ## [ BUILD ] fried_meat | fried_meat <- fry(chopped_meat, with... ## [ READ ] | # loading packages ## [ BUILD ] ragout | ragout <- combine(fried_meat, with =... ## [ ----- ] all remake::fetch("ragout") ## ragout, made of ## fried meat, made of ## chopped meat, made of ## raw meat ## oil ## pepper ## vegetables ``` --- class: inverse, center, middle # Running your analysis on other people's computers enables reproducible research. # &nbsp; # Describe your analysis as a set of<br/>**data transformations**<br/>to make it easy to run <br/>for you and for others. --- background-image: url(https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1741643?v=3&s=460) background-size: 20% background-position: 0% 100% class: center, middle # Thanks! Slides created via the R package [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan). # https://goo.gl/aC9dbl ### https://github.com/krlmlr, @krlmlr ??? --- class: inverse --- background-image: url(dots/detailed-parallel.png) background-size: contain class: center, bottom # Same recipe, different inputs